This technical note is part of a set that focuses on Lean manufacturing and just-in-time (JIT) production. While designed to be used together, these two notes can also be used as stand-alone documents to support particular learning objectives. The other note in this set is “Just-in-Time Production” (UVA-OM-1662). These materials form one module in our collection of introductory operations management topics, and all are appropriate for an advanced undergraduate- or graduate-level introductory course on operations management. The complete list of the materials in this collection is available in the teaching materials included with this technical note.